Scope of Work
Every contract should clearly define what the professional will do. Vague language like "general repairs" or "landscaping services" leaves room for disputes. Look for specific deliverables: materials to be used, quantities, measurements, and a detailed description of the work. If the scope is unclear, ask for it to be written out before signing.
Timeline and Milestones
A good contract includes start and completion dates, plus milestones for longer projects. It should also address what happens if the timeline slips — does the professional offer a discount for delays, or can you cancel without penalty? Weather and supply chain delays are understandable, but open-ended timelines are not.
Payment Terms
Clear payment terms protect both parties. Standard arrangements include a deposit (typically 10-30%), progress payments tied to milestones, and final payment upon completion and satisfaction. Never pay the full amount upfront. Be wary of professionals who demand cash-only payments or large deposits.
Change Order Process
Projects change — that's normal. What matters is how changes are handled. The contract should require written change orders for any work outside the original scope, including the cost impact. Verbal change orders lead to disputes and surprise charges.
Warranty and Guarantees
Look for warranty terms on both materials and workmanship. Manufacturer warranties on materials are standard, but you also want the professional to guarantee their installation or service for a reasonable period — typically at least one year.
Cancellation and Refund Policy
What happens if you need to cancel? What if the professional cancels? Understand the refund terms and any cancellation fees before you need them.
Dispute Resolution
Many contracts include an arbitration clause that limits your ability to sue. Read this carefully. While arbitration can be faster and cheaper, it also limits your legal options. Some professionals include a small claims carve-out for disputes under a certain amount.
Red Flags
Watch out for: blank spaces in the contract, pressure to sign immediately, refusal to provide a written contract, missing license or insurance information, and contracts that reference "industry standards" without specifying what those are.
A well-written contract protects both you and the professional. If you're unsure about any clause, consult with an attorney before signing.